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Appendix E: Glossary

Import

The ability of one application to use data produced by another application. For example, many programs

are able to import graphics in a variety of formats. The import feature is under the File menu in most programs;

it will show you a list of programs that are recognized for importing data. In other applications, such as a data-

base program, an import window may appear giving you the option to select the location of the document to be

imported and to select from a list of le formats.

JPEG (Joint Photographic Experts Group)

An image compression specication named for the group that created it. While extensive compression

is available, the JPEG specication is lossy (data is lost during the compression process). Therefore one should

not recompress JPEG compressed images. Work from the original and compress that each time. JPEG works

better for real-world scenes; line drawings are better compressed using some other format.

MNG (Multiple-image Network Graphics)

A variation on the PNG standard which basically allows multiple images in a single graphic le, thus

providing for animation.

OpenGL

A 3D graphics language developed by Silicon Graphics. Before OpenGL was available, software de-

velopers had to write unique 3D graphics code for each operating system platform as well as different graphics

hardware. However, with OpenGL, developers can create graphics and special effects that will appear nearly

identical on any operating system and any hardware that supports OpenGL. This makes it much easier for de-

velopers of 3D games and programs to port their software to multiple platforms.

Password

A string of characters used for authenticating a user on a computer system. For example, you may have

an account on your computer that requires you to log in. In order to successfully access your account, you must

provide a valid username and password. This combination is often referred to as a login. While usernames are

generally public information, passwords are private to each user.

PCMCIA

Stands for an association founded in 1989 which develops standards for expansion cards for portable

computers. However, the term is most commonly associated with the actual cards standardized by the organiza-

tion. These cards are referred to as “PCMCIA cards,” or simply “PC cards.” There are three types of PCMCIA

cards, all of which are rectangular and measure 8.56 by 5.4 cm., but have different widths:

Type I: up to 3.3 mm. thick, mainly used to add additional ROM or RAM.

Type II: up to 5.5 mm. thick, typically used for fax/modem cards.

Type III: up to 10.5 mm. thick, often used to attach portable disk drives.

PCMCIA slots also come in three sizes -- a Type I slot can hold one Type I card, a Type II slot can hold one

Type II card or two Type I cards, and a Type III slot can hold one Type III card or one Type I and one Type II

card. PC Cards can be removed or inserted “on the y,” which means you don’t have to turn your computer off

to exchange them and you don’t have to restart for your computer to recognize them.

PDF (Portable Document Format)

PDF is a xed-layout electronic le format that preserves document formatting and enables le sharing.

The PDF format ensures that when the le is viewed online or printed, it retains exactly the format that you in-

tended, and that data in the le cannot be easily changed. The PDF format is also useful for documents that will

be reproduced by using commercial printing methods.

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